Ask HR: What Should Job Seekers Put in a Cover Letter?

​SHRM President and Chief Executive Officer Johnny C. Taylor, Jr., SHRM-SCP, is answering HR questions as part of a series for USA Today. 

Do you have an HR or work-related question you'd like him to answer? Submit it here.

I've always had trouble crafting a cover letter. It often seems redundant to the information in my resume. What is a good strategy for writing a cover letter? —Dierdre

Johnny C. Taylor, Jr.: Your No. 1 priority in your job search is to make yourself stand out among the sea of applicants. Start by personalizing your cover letter to the respective position.

Hiring managers are well-versed in spotting generic cover letters. Many don't even mention the organization or the specific position. A cover letter customized for each role you apply to will set you apart from the other candidates.

Your cover letter should complement, not replicate, your resume. Resumes itemize employment information and qualifications, while customized cover letters provide an additional opportunity to tell your story and delineate your goals and intangibles. Cover letters should contextualize the value of the experience outlined in your resume.

You are essentially looking to match your skills and personality to a defined role and work environment. A customized cover letter gives the hiring manager a preview of an interview. It signals that you are genuinely interested in the organization and discusses why you might be a prime candidate.

Remember to tailor the letter to showcase your relevant qualifications and accomplishments and project how you would fit in the role. Hiring managers look for people who will not only be a good fit but will also be an asset to their company for the long term. A well-crafted cover letter can demonstrate your potential value and fit for an organization.

I wish you much success in your career journey.

I enjoy my job, but the recent uptick in the cost of living feels almost like I'm taking a pay cut. What's the best way to ask for a raise without jeopardizing the good relationship with my employer? —Mack

Johnny C. Taylor, Jr.: Requests for raises should not surprise most employers. However, you should be thoroughly prepared to state your case for a more competitive wage and, especially given the current state of the economy, be prepared for your employer to stand their ground and not grant out-of-cycle raises.

First, do your research. Examine market salary data and assess how it compares with your own. Be sure to factor in your experience, job duties and education. Review similar job postings to gauge comparable starting salary information and perks or bonuses used to attract talent. Understand your organization's compensation philosophy and pay merit increase process. HR can help you better understand the pay structure if it is unclear.

Be prepared to confidently justify your request for higher pay. Has your workload increased due to staffing shortages? Have you taken on additional assignments or roles? Have you learned new skills or technology? If possible, quantify the value you have added to the business.

Next, plan a meeting with your manager and create a brief agenda to stay on track. Craft written talking points for the meeting. Choose a time and date when your workload is moderate. Be sure to communicate your satisfaction with the job and the organization. Be open to feedback and ask for a follow-up meeting to discuss the final decision. Your manager will most likely need to consult with HR or their manager before making any pay adjustment decisions.

Remember, your employer may be unable to accommodate your request due to budget constraints. If a pay increase is not feasible, inquire if there are considerations for earning a raise in the future. Be prepared with alternative suggestions, such as learning a new skill or taking on stretch assignments. Consider areas where the company is struggling and make suggestions on ways you can fill the gap. Be creative.

Regardless of the outcome, remain flexible and open. Look at alternative perks, benefits or bonuses instead of a base pay increase.

Good luck.