Many of us have read about how to deal with "bad bosses" in all their different forms—the temperamental, the mercurial, the bullying, the disorganized, the micromanaging.
But can you avoid hiring a bad manager in the first place? Are there telltale signs during the hiring process that can tip someone off to a job candidate who may end up making employees miserable?
There are, say hiring experts.
"Some people just aren't cut out to be managers because they lack communication and listening skills," said Brandi Britton, district president for OfficeTeam, a Robert Half company based in Menlo Park, Calif. "These bad bosses can lead to decreased morale, lack of productivity, burnout, stress and ultimately turnover."
The poor manager takes credit for subordinates' work, plays favorites or overreacts to mistakes, which leaves employees unwilling to take risks. Some poor managers so distrust their employees that they end up redoing all the employees' work. They can be disorganized and changeable—often requiring employees to restart or restructure assignments and projects.
"I have had a few bosses who were horrible," said Lois A. Krause, SHRM-SCP, practice leader for HR compliance at KardasLarson LLC, a human resources consulting firm in Avon, Conn. "They had to be the smartest ones in the room, and you had to agree with them. They did not want to hear differing opinions. I have seen managers who were successful as individual contributors or as part of a team but never really had managerial experience. They usually believed they had to have all of the answers and were afraid to say, 'I don't know.' "
Then there are the insincere sycophants who "act so sweet in front of senior leadership or their peers and seem concerned about their team to others, but actually manage by intimidation. They are the worst but hard to ferret out at times."
[SHRM members-only toolkit: Employee Referral Policy]
Clues in the Resume
Before you meet a candidate for a managerial job, you may be able to tell if the candidate is a bad boss "if there are multiple managerial positions [listed] that seem suited to their skills, but they had a short tenure in each," Krause said.
The applicant should use language in his or her resume that reflects a tone of teamwork, said Joelle Kaufman, chief revenue officer at Dynamic Signal, a technology company in San Bruno, Calif.
"It should be 'we' instead of 'me' and about leading teams instead of personal accomplishment or credit."
If possible, she said, find out what the candidate's team retention was, excluding people who were fired. Too many voluntary departures are often a bad sign.
Before a phone or face-to-face interview, do your homework on LinkedIn or another professional site, she said.
"Really good managers naturally attract recommendations from their teams. A manager with no recommendations is a red flag. A manager whose recommendations are not glowing is a red flag."
Pay Attention in the Interview
You can't gauge how good of a boss someone will be from his or her resume alone. Focus also on the interview and reference-check stages to learn about a candidate's managerial skills.
In the interview, look—as you did on the resume—for signs that the manager is not taking all the credit for results; he or she should consistently acknowledge team contributions.
It should be troubling, Krause said, "if, in a face-to-face interview, they seem to have no faults—they can never describe a time when they did not reach their goal, unless they blame it on the organization or their subordinates not following their advice or direction, or if they complain that each organization was too dysfunctional for anyone to succeed there."
Someone who badmouths former subordinates during the interview process may lack problem-solving and collaboration skills.
Ask open-ended questions to get more insight into a person's managerial style:
- Can you think of a time when you didn't get along with an employee or disagreed with an employee? What did you do?
- Tell me about the most difficult team you've ever led. Why was it difficult, and how did you cope?
- Describe a situation when your staff made a mistake and how you dealt with it.
- Describe a situation when someone on your staff was not performing and how you dealt with it.
- Describe a situation when someone on your team was a star performer and what you did to help that person become even better.
- Can you describe an ethically challenging situation at work and how you handled it?
- Can you tell me about a time at work when you had to make a difficult decision?
- How have you motivated those around you?
- What do you like about managing people?
- Have any of your personal experiences helped you to become a good leader?
- As a leader, how do you persuade people to do what you want?
- What motivates you?
Listen Carefully to References
Ask the candidate's references for examples of how the person displayed good leadership skills.
"Because people typically choose references who they think will speak highly of them, hearing anything negative can be a red flag and should be followed up," Britton said.
Most references are done by phone, so pay attention if a candidate gives you a reference but the person on the phone "seems a bit cool, or actually says they were not a good fit for their culture," Krause said.
"I usually ask about managerial style as part of my inquiry. I also describe the organization's culture and ask the reference if [the candidate] would thrive or struggle in that environment. I actually had one person tell me that this person almost ruined their business because they were so toxic!"
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